International Journal of Emerging Sport Science
International Journal of Emerging Sport Science (IJESS) is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research articles and review papers in the fields of physical education, sports science, sport tourism, traditional sports, sports biomechanics, sports health, sports nutrition, sports psychology, and sports exercise. IJESS is published four times a year, in March, June, September, and December, by Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Cirebon in cooperation with CV. Khatulistiwa Education Center under the Memorandum of Understanding No. 044/200.12.1/ADM/VI/2025. CV. Khatulistiwa Education Center is registered with the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia on February 25, 2025, under registration number AHU-0020920-AH. The journal is dedicated to promoting the advancement of sports science in the ASEAN region and beyond by providing an academic platform for researchers, scientists, and academics to publish their research findings and share knowledge with the broader scientific community. International Journal of Emerging Sport Science (IJESS) welcomes submissions from researchers, scientists, academics, and practitioners from the ASEAN region and around the world.
Improving Soccer Inside-Foot Passing Skills Through Varied Training Exercises Among SSB Putra Mulia Players
This study aims to improve the results of soccer passing training using the inside of the foot in soccer games through variations of the el rondo exercise for students of SSB Putra Mulia, Class of 2025. The subjects used in this study were 20 students of SSB Putra Mulia, Class of 2025. The experimental design used in this study was a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The method used in this study was an experimental method. The instrument used in this study was an instrument from Dr. Norbert Rogalski and Dr. Ernst G. Degel. The purpose of this test is to measure basic passing technique skills. Based on the results of the first t-test analysis study on the results of soccer passing exercises using the inside of the foot, the calculated t value (9.430)> t table (2.306), the results concluded that there was an increase in the results of soccer passing exercises using the inside of the foot in soccer games through training variations using the el rondo training model for SSB Putra Mulia students in 2025. Based on the results of the second t-test analysis study on the results of soccer passing exercises using the inside of the foot, the calculated t value (4.000)> t table (2.201), the results concluded that there was an increase in the results of soccer passing exercises using the inside of the foot in soccer games through training variations using the el rondo training model for SSB Putra Mulia students in 2025. Based on the results of the study, the percentage increase in the results of soccer passing exercises using the inside of the foot in soccer games through training variations using the el rondo training model for SSB Putra Mulia students in 2025 was 29.82%.
passing, inside of the foot, and exercise variations
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Emerging Sport Science
THE EFFECT OF BALL FEELING TRAINING ON FOOTBALL DRIBBLING ABILITY IN ATHLETES AGED 13-15 YEARS AT PS POLLUNG FC HUMBANGAN HASUDUTAN
This study aims to determine the influence of ball feel training on the dribbling ability of soccer athletes aged 13-15 years at PS Pollung FC Humbangan Hasudutan. The problem in this study, based on observations, is that PS Pollung FC Humbangan Hasudutan still makes many fundamental errors during training and matches, and training has not been tailored to the overall needs of the players. This research is an experimental study. The research design used is a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study was 12 individuals. Of these 15 individuals, all 15 were sampled. This study aims to examine the influence of ball feel on the dribbling ability of soccer athletes aged 13-15 years at PS Pollung FC Humbangan Hasudutan. Before the ball feel training approach, the dribbling ability of soccer players aged 13-15 at PS Pollung FC Humbangan Hasudutan was significantly affected. Before the ball feel training approach, the pretest mean was 24.31, the posttest mean was 20.48, with a pretest standard deviation of 7.26 and a posttest standard deviation of 4.07. The average difference between the two was 3.82, the standard deviation was 24.99, and the calculated T-value was 2.38. The T-table value for a sample size of 15 players with a 5% significance level was 1.753. Therefore, 2.38 > 1.753 means the calculated T-value is greater than the table T-value. Therefore, it can be concluded that ball feel training significantly influences the dribbling ability of soccer players aged 13-15 at PS Pollung FC Humbangan Hasudutan.
Ball Feeling Training, Soccer Dribbling Skills
Efforts to Improve Learning Outcomes in Football Passing Through the Self-Check Teaching Style for Elementary School Students YWKA Medan Private School2024-2025
The purpose of this study is to determine the learning outcomes of inside foot passing in soccer through the self-check teaching style among students of YWKA Private Elementary School Medan in the academic year 2024-2025. This research was conducted at YWKA Private Elementary School Medan in the 2024-2025 academic year, with the study carried out in May 2025. The sample of this study consisted of 30 fifth-grade B (VB) students in the 2024/2025 academic year. The method used in this research was a learning outcome test using a portfolio instrument to assess inside foot passing in soccer. Based on the initial data obtained, out of 30 students, 17 students (56.67%) achieved mastery in learning, while 13 students (43.33%) did not. In the first cycle, the number of students who achieved mastery increased to 29 students (96.67%), while only 1 student (3.33%) did not. This study concludes that the self-check teaching style can improve the learning outcomes of inside foot passing in soccer among fifth-grade students of YWKA Private Elementary School Medan in the academic year 2024-2025.
Inside foot passing in soccer, Self-check.
Psychological Readiness of North Sumatra Petanque Athletes Following PON XXI Aceh–North Sumatra 2024
Background Petanque, which encompasses a range of technical and skill-based disciplines, will be participating in the 21st National Sports Week (PON) held in Aceh and North Sumatra in 2024. After the competition concludes, athletes participating in petanque will likely face varying mental conditions. Objectives This study was conducted with the aim of obtaining an objective and in-depth overview of the mental state of petanque athletes after participating in the 21st National Sports Week (PON) in 2024. Methods This research is a descriptive quantitative study conducted using a survey method. The subjects were 25 petanque athletes from North Sumatra who were official participants in the 21st National Games in Aceh-North Sumatra. Results The results of the study showed that the athletes' mental condition generally ranged from "Good" to "Very Good." Based on the instrument results, the highest average score was found in the Self-Confidence and Self-Perception indicator at 19.40 (97%), followed by the Mental Planning and Strategy indicator at 19.28 (96.4%). The indicator with the lowest average score was Emotional and Stress Control at 18.76 (93.8%), indicating the need to strengthen athletes' emotional regulation. Conclusion Based on the research results above, it can be concluded that the experience of participating in the 21st National Games (PON XXI) had a significant positive impact on the mental state and psychological preparedness of North Sumatran petanque athletes across all key indicators.
Mental Condition, Petanque Athletes, PON XXI.
Evaluation of the Achievement Development Program at the Himpunan Pemuda Maju Medan Football School in 2024
Background The Himpunan Pemuda Maju Medan football school frequently participates in inter club competitions. However, given the varying results they achieve, their performance is inadequate. Objectives This study aims to evaluate performance coaching at the Himpunan Pemuda Maju Medan football school using the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model. Methods A descriptive qualitative approach was used, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. Results The results show that, in terms of context, this football school has a fairly clear vision, mission, and coaching objectives. In terms of input, adequate human resources are available, but facilities and infrastructure are still very limited. In terms of process, training programs have been running regularly, but are not supported by optimal training methods. In terms of product, performance has been inconsistent and has tended to decline in recent years. Conclusion The conclusion of this study is that the Himpunan Pemuda Maju Medan football school's coaching program is ongoing, but needs improvement in the quality of facilities, training methods, and institutional support to produce better and more sustainable performance.
Evaluation, Performance Coaching, Football School
The Role of School Sport in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals of the Government Program's Vision
Background Sustainable development has become an important agenda in education and sport, particularly in strengthening human and natural resource development through school activities and effective institutional management. Objectives This study aimed to apply the concepts of sustainable development to the School Activity Department of the Directorate of Education in Qadisiyah Governorate and to explain the role of effective school administration in supporting sustainable development. Methods This study used a descriptive conceptual approach by analyzing sustainable development concepts, school sport activities, government programs, and institutional cooperation related to youth and sport development in Iraq. Results The findings indicate that Iraq has actively promoted the Sustainable Development Goals through school sport, government programs, sport leadership, conferences, seminars, and cooperation among the Ministry of Youth and Sports, sport federations, the Olympic Committee, the United Nations Office, and international sport organizations. Conclusion School sport and effective school administration play an important role in achieving sustainable development by strengthening human resources, promoting institutional partnerships, and supporting government efforts to activate the Sustainable Development Goals.
School Sport; Sustainable Development Goals; Government Programs; Physical Education; School Administration.
Endurance and Breaststroke Swimming Speed among Competitive Swimmers
Background The background of this research is based on the importance of muscle endurance in maintaining technical performance and speed, particularly in breaststroke swimming, which demands stable movements over a certain duration. Objectives This study aims to analyze the relationship between endurance and breaststroke swimming speed in athletes from the Sailfish Swimming Club Medan. Methods This study used a quantitative approach with a correlational method. The study subjects consisted of 24 swimmers selected through a total sampling technique. Data collection instruments included a Multi-Stage Fitness Test to measure aerobic capacity (VO₂ Max) as an indicator of endurance, and a 50-meter breaststroke speed test to measure swimming performance. The analysis results showed a very strong and significant relationship between endurance and breaststroke swimming speed, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of r = 0.816 and a p-value <0.001, indicating high statistical significance. These findings indicate that increasing endurance capacity, particularly as it relates to VO₂ Max, positively contributes to increasing breaststroke swimming speed. Results This study also provides an empirical contribution to the development of sports science, particularly in the context of aquatic sports training. Conclusion The background of this research is based on the importance of muscle endurance in maintaining technical performance and speed, particularly in breaststroke swimming, which demands stable movements over a certain duration.
Endurance, VO₂ Max, Swimming Speed, Breaststroke, Swimming Athletes.
Effects of the Traditional Gobak Sodor Game on Students’ Cooperative Skills
Background The background of this research stems from the importance of developing social skills, particularly cooperation, in 21st-century learning. Traditional games such as Gobak Sodor are believed to be a fun learning tool while also fostering collaborative values ​​in students. Objectives This study aims to determine the effect of the traditional game Gobak Sodor on student cooperation at SMP Negeri 5 Percut Sei Tuan. Methods This research used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design—specifically the One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The study involved 30 eighth-grade students who participated in Gobak Sodor sessions as a form of treatment. Data were collected through questionnaires, observations, and interviews, and were analyzed using the paired t-test. Results The findings revealed a significant improvement in students’ cooperation after the treatment, with the average score increasing from 67.03 (pretest) to 84.27 (posttest), and a significance value of p = 0.008 (p < 0.05). Additionally, 90.6% of the participants agreed or strongly agreed that Gobak Sodor enhanced their cooperation skills—such as group discussion, helping peers, and showing empathy. Observations and interviews supported these results by showing increased communication, coordination, and group responsibility during the game. Conclusion In conclusion, Gobak Sodor has a positive impact on developing students’ cooperation skills and can be considered an effective alternative instructional strategy for character education and social skill development.
Gobak Sodor, Traditional Games, Cooperation
Analysis of Forward Roll Movement Performance among Grade XI Students in Floor Gymnastics Learning
Background A forward roll is a movement that begins with a series of forward rolls from the shoulders or nape of the neck, back, waist, and back of the pelvis, followed by landing in a squatting and standing position. Objectives This study aims to identify student errors in forward rolls and the factors that contribute to these errors. Methods This research method used a quantitative approach, with data collection using video as the analysis data for these errors. Results The results found that the majority of students fell into the "Poor" (46.7%) category in forward roll skills. The factors contributing to errors in forward rolls were identified as a lack of understanding of the technique, limited practice frequency, student fear, limited resources such as mats, and a lack of demonstrations or feedback from teachers. Conclusion Based on research results, the ability of eleventh-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Hamparan Perak to perform forward rolls is still low. Many students have not mastered the basic techniques correctly, particularly head position, hand placement, leg push, and body coordination. This is influenced by a lack of technical understanding, minimal practice, fear, limited resources, and a lack of demonstrations and feedback from teachers.
Front Roll Motion, Floor Gymnastics, Hamparan Perak High School.
Eleventh-Grade Students’ Interest in Participating in Volleyball Learning at Free Methodist 2 Private Vocational High School Medan
Background: Students’ interest plays an important role in determining their active participation and learning engagement in physical education, including volleyball lessons. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the level of interest of eleventh-grade students in participating in volleyball learning at Free Methodist 2 Private Vocational High School Medan. Methods: This study employed a quantitative descriptive design using a survey method. Data were collected through a questionnaire consisting of 31 items. The research instrument was validated through expert judgment. The participants were eleventh-grade students of Free Methodist 2 Private Vocational High School Medan. Results: The findings showed that students’ interest in volleyball learning was generally in the moderate category. A total of 42 students were classified as very high, 61 students as high, 148 students as moderate, 123 students as low, and 10 students as very low. Conclusion: Eleventh-grade students’ interest in participating in volleyball learning at Free Methodist 2 Private Vocational High School Medan was generally categorized as moderate. These findings indicate the need for more engaging and student-centered volleyball learning strategies to improve students’ motivation and participation
Student Interest, Volleyball Learning, Physical Education, Vocational High School, Eleventh-Grade Students.
Assessment of the Physical Condition Levels of Futsal Extracurricular Students at Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) Yaspend Muslim Pematang Tengah Medan in 2025
Background: Physical fitness is an important component that supports students’ performance in school-based sports activities, including futsal extracurricular programs. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the physical fitness level of students participating in the futsal extracurricular program at MTs Yaspend Muslim Pematang Tengah. Methods: This study used a descriptive exploratory design with a survey method. The participants were 24 students involved in the futsal extracurricular program. Data were collected using the 2010 Indonesian Physical Fitness Test (TKJI), consisting of five items: 50-meter sprint, 60-second pull-up/hanging test, 60-second sit-up, vertical jump, and 1,000-meter run. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented as percentages. Results: The results showed that no students were classified as very poor (0%), 4 students were classified as poor (17%), 15 students were classified as moderate (63%), 5 students were classified as good (21%), and no students were classified as very good (0%). The highest proportion was found in the moderate category, with 15 students (63%). Conclusion: The physical fitness level of students participating in the futsal extracurricular program at MTs Yaspend Muslim Pematang Tengah was generally classified as moderate, with an average score of 16.
Physical Fitness, Physical Condition, Futsal Extracurricular, Student Athletes, Junior Secondary School.
The Effect of a Physical Fitness Training Program on the Discipline of Fourth-Grade Students at SD Sejahtera in the 2025/2026 Academic Year
Background: Student discipline remains an important concern in elementary education, particularly in relation to punctuality, compliance with school rules, and active participation in school activities. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of a physical fitness training program on the discipline of fourth-grade students at Sejahtera Elementary School. Methods: This study used a quantitative experimental design involving 20 fourth-grade students, who were divided into experimental and control groups. The intervention was conducted for 16 days through structured physical fitness activities. Data were collected using observation, questionnaires, and interviews, and were analyzed using statistical tests. Results: The findings showed that the physical fitness training program had a significant effect on improving student discipline, particularly in time management, behavior, learning discipline, and moral-spiritual aspects. Conclusion: A structured physical fitness training program can be an effective strategy for strengthening disciplined character among elementary school students. Therefore, physical fitness activities may be integrated into character education programs in elementary schools.
Physical Fitness, Training Program, Student Discipline, Elementary School Students, Character Education.
Digital-Based Physical Education and Physical Literacy Development in School-Aged Children in Kupang, Indonesia
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of digital-based physical education in improving physical literacy among school-aged children in Kupang, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group. A total of 60 elementary school students aged 10–12 years participated in the study. The experimental group received digital-based physical education instruction using interactive video modules and mobile applications, while the control group received conventional physical education instruction. The intervention was conducted for eight weeks. Physical literacy was measured through four domains: physical competence, motivation and confidence, knowledge and understanding, and daily physical activity behavior. Data were analyzed by comparing pretest and posttest scores between groups, with the significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: The results showed significant improvements in physical literacy among students in the experimental group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The greatest improvements were found in the domains of motivation and confidence, and physical competence. These findings indicate that digital-based instruction can increase students’ engagement, movement skill development, and understanding of active lifestyle behaviors. Conclusions: Digital-based physical education is an effective approach for improving physical literacy among elementary school students. The integration of interactive video modules and mobile applications can support more engaging, accessible, and student-centered physical education learning.
Digital Learning, Physical Education, Physical Literacy, Children, Kupang
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Emerging Sport Science
Artificial Intelligence in Sports Nutrition: Toward Personalized Dietary Strategies for Athletic Performance in Medan City, Indonesia
Objectives: This study aimed to explore the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in developing personalized dietary strategies to enhance athletic performance among athletes in Medan City, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: This study used a mixed-method approach combining experimental and survey designs. A total of 45 athletes from various sports disciplines participated in an eight-week AI-based nutrition intervention. The AI-based nutrition system analyzed individual characteristics, including body composition, training load, and dietary habits, to generate personalized nutrition plans. Data were collected using VO₂max performance tests, body composition analysis, and athlete feedback questionnaires. Quantitative data were analyzed to determine changes in endurance and body composition, while survey data were used to describe athletes’ adherence and satisfaction with the AI-based dietary recommendations. Results: The results showed significant improvements in endurance performance after the intervention, as indicated by increased VO₂max scores (p < 0.05). The intervention also contributed to more optimized body composition and better adherence to dietary plans. In addition, athlete feedback showed higher satisfaction with the nutrition program because the recommendations were individualized according to training load, physical condition, and dietary habits. Conclusions: AI-based personalized dietary strategies are an effective and innovative approach to supporting athletic performance. By providing individualized nutrition recommendations, AI systems can improve endurance, support body composition management, and increase dietary adherence among athletes. These findings provide practical implications for coaches, athletes, and sports nutrition practitioners in developing technology-based nutrition programs.
Artificial Intelligence, Sports Nutrition, Personalization, Athletic Performance, Medan
Nutritional Strategies for Enhancing Endurance, Recovery, and Metabolic Efficiency in Athletes in Palu City, Indonesia
Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of nutritional strategies in enhancing endurance, recovery, and metabolic efficiency among athletes in Palu City, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: This study used a quantitative experimental approach with a pretest–posttest design. A total of 40 athletes from various sports disciplines participated in an eight-week structured nutritional intervention program. The intervention consisted of carbohydrate periodization, protein optimization, and hydration strategies. Data were collected using VO₂max testing, blood lactate analysis, and recovery rate measurements. Data were analyzed by comparing pretest and posttest results, with the significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: The results showed significant improvements in endurance after the nutritional intervention, as indicated by increased VO₂max scores. Participants also demonstrated faster recovery rates and improved metabolic efficiency, supported by more favorable blood lactate responses after exercise. These findings indicate that structured nutritional strategies contributed positively to endurance capacity, recovery optimization, and metabolic regulation among athletes. Conclusions: Structured nutritional strategies are effective in improving endurance, recovery, and metabolic efficiency among athletes in Palu City. The integration of carbohydrate periodization, protein optimization, and hydration planning can support better athletic performance and recovery management. These findings provide practical implications for coaches, athletes, and sports nutritionists in developing evidence-based nutrition programs in regional training contexts.
Nutrition, Endurance, Recovery, Metabolic Efficiency, Athletes, Palu
The Effect of Game-Based Training on Motor Competence, Motivation, and Physical Fitness among Junior High School Students in Makassar, Indonesia
Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of game-based training on motor competence, motivation, and physical fitness among junior high school students in Makassar, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group. A total of 64 students aged 13–15 years were randomly assigned to an experimental group that received game-based training and a control group that received conventional training. The intervention was conducted for eight weeks, with three sessions per week. Motor competence was assessed using standardized skill tests, motivation was measured using a validated questionnaire, and physical fitness was evaluated through endurance, strength, and agility tests. Data were analyzed using paired sample t-tests and independent sample t-tests. Results: The results showed that the experimental group experienced significant improvements in motor competence, motivation, and physical fitness after the intervention. Significant differences were also found between the experimental and control groups in posttest scores, with the game-based training group showing better outcomes than the conventional training group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Game-based training is an effective approach for improving motor competence, motivation, and physical fitness among junior high school students. These findings suggest that game-based learning activities can be integrated into physical education programs to increase student engagement, support skill development, and improve physical performance.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Training Load Monitoring and Injury Prevention in Youth Athletes: A Sports Science Perspective
Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based monitoring systems in optimizing training load management and reducing injury risk among youth athletes. Materials and Methods: This study used a mixed-method approach by combining quantitative data obtained from wearable devices with qualitative information collected from coaches and sports science practitioners. The quantitative component focused on training load, fatigue indicators, and injury-risk signals, while the qualitative component explored the practical use of AI-based systems in training decision-making. Results: The findings indicate that AI-based monitoring systems can provide more accurate and real-time analysis of athlete workload. These systems support the early detection of fatigue, excessive training load, and potential injury-risk factors. In addition, AI-based monitoring helps coaches design more individualized training programs based on the physiological and biomechanical characteristics of each athlete. Conclusions: AI-based training load monitoring has the potential to improve performance management and reduce injury risk in youth athletes. Its use can support safer, more personalized, and evidence-based training practices in youth sports development. Future studies are recommended to examine long-term implementation, data privacy, and ethical considerations in the use of AI in sports training.
Students’ Interest in Futsal Extracurricular Participation at SMP Bina Satria Mulia Medan in 2025
Background Students’ interest is an important factor in supporting active participation in extracurricular sports activities, including futsal. Understanding students’ level of interest can help schools evaluate and improve the implementation of extracurricular programs Objectives This study aimed to measure students’ interest in participating in futsal extracurricular activities at SMP Bina Satria Mulia Medan in 2025. Methods This study used a quantitative descriptive design. The research was conducted at SMP Bina Satria Mulia Medan. Data were collected using a survey method with a questionnaire as the research instrument. The collected data were analyzed descriptively by presenting the percentage distribution of students’ interest based on predetermined categories. Results The results showed that students’ interest in participating in futsal extracurricular activities was categorized as very high at 7.2%, high at 46.4%, low at 35.7%, and very low at 10.7%. Based on internal factors, most students were in the high category at 57.2% or 16 students, followed by the low category at 21.4% or 6 students, the very low category at 21.4% or 6 students, and the very high category at 0.0%. Meanwhile, based on external factors, students’ interest was mostly in the high category at 50.0% or 14 students, followed by the low category at 35.8% or 10 students, the very high category at 10.7% or 3 students, and the very low category at 3.6% or 1 student. Conclusion Students’ interest in participating in futsal extracurricular activities at SMP Bina Satria Mulia Medan was generally in the high category. Internal and external factors both contributed to students’ interest, with most responses also falling within the high category. These findings indicate that the futsal extracurricular program has a positive level of student engagement, although further support is needed to increase participation among students with low and very low interest.
Students’ Interest; Futsal; Extracurricular Activities; Student Participation; Middle School Students
The Effect of Leg Muscle Strength Training on the Shooting Ability of Students in the Futsal Extracurricular Activity at SMP PAB 8 Sampali in 2025
Background The futsal extracurricular activity at SMP PAB 8 Sampali is characterized by many shots aimed at the goal, but few resulting in goals. This is due to their weak shooting power, which makes them easily intercepted or blocked by the goalkeeper. Therefore, explosive power training, particularly leg muscle strength, is considered to have an impact on shooting power. Objectives This study aims to determine the effect of leg muscle strength training on the shooting abilities of students participating in the futsal extracurricular activity at SMP PAB 8 Sampali until 2025. The subjects of this study were all 20 students participating in the futsal extracurricular activity at SMP PAB 8 Sampali. Methods The method used in this study was an experimental method, to determine the impact of leg muscle strength training on the shooting abilities of futsal extracurricular students at SMP PAB 8 Sampali in 2025. The author used a pretest-treatment-posttest design. The research instrument used in this study was a futsal shooting test according to Narlan. The purpose of this test was to measure the skill, speed, and accuracy of kicking the ball on target. Results The research results show a significant effect of plyometric training variations on improving the shooting ability of students in the 2025 extracurricular futsal program at SMP PAB 8 Sampali. The effectiveness of the various training exercises in the extracurricular futsal program at SMP PAB 8 Sampali on improving shooting ability was 45.86%. Based on the results of data analysis, description, testing of research results, and discussion, Conclusion There was a significant effect of the plyometric training group on the shooting ability of futsal extracurricular students at SMP PAB 8 Sampali. The calculated t-value was 2.703 and the table t-value (df 9) was 2.262, with a significance value of p-value of 0.024. Therefore, the calculated t-value of 2.703 was greater than the table t-value of 2.262, and the significance value of 0.024 was <0.05, indicating a percentage increase of 45.86%. Meanwhile, the percentage increase in ball speed during shooting after the treatment of leg muscle strength training variations, namely plyometric training, was 20.79%.
Physical Condition Profile of Nurussalam Taekwondo Club Medan Athletes
Background Based on the problem in this research, how is the physical condition of the Nurussalam Taekwondo Club Medan athletes, which consists of 1) flexibility, 2) explosive power of leg muscles, 3) speed, 4) agility, 5) strength. Objectives This study aims to determine the physical condition of Nurussalam Taekwondo Club Medan athletes as it is without providing any prior treatment. Methods This type of research is quantitative with a descriptive approach. The population in this study were all 20 athletes of Nurussalam Taekwondo Club Medan, while the sample in this study was 13 people. This research is called incidental sampling technique research. Data collection techniques to measure the physical condition of Nurussalam Taekwondo Club Medan athletes were by conducting push-up tests, sit-up tests, 30-meter runs, Illinois agility runs, sit and reach, and standing long jumps. Results Physical condition of Nurussalam Taekwondo Club Medan athletes, where the “very high” category is 7.69% (1 athlete), the “high” category is 23.08% (3 athletes), the “moderate” category is 38.46% (5 athletes), the “low” category is 30.77% (4 athletes), the “very low” category is 0% (0 athletes). Based on the average value, which is 301.13, the physical condition of Nurussalam Taekwondo Club Medan athletes is in the “Moderate” category. Conclusion The physical condition profile of Nurussalam Taekwondo Club Medan athletes can be concluded that the “very high” category is 7.69% (1 athlete), the “high” category is 23.08% (3 athletes), the “moderate” category is 38.46% (5 athletes), the “low” category is 30.77% (4 athletes), the “very low” category is 0% (0 athletes). Based on the above categories, it can be concluded that the physical condition profile of Nurussalam Taekwondo Club Medan athletes is in the “Moderate” category.
Enhancing Soccer Dribbling Learning Outcomes Through Peer Tutoring Among Grade VII Students at Bina Satria Mulia Private Junior High School
Background During a soccer game, many students have not yet mastered the basic technique of dribbling with the outside of the foot. Specifically, in the process of learning dribbling techniques in soccer, students' dribbling skills are still inadequate, especially when using the outside of the foot. Problems include insufficient flexion of the supporting leg, the ball remaining behind the foot, students concentrating solely on the ball without paying attention to the target, the ball often being too far from the foot, and the foot not being relaxed enough when dribbling. Objectives This study aims to determine the improvement in the process and learning outcomes of soccer dribbling through the peer tutoring learning method in Grade VII students of SMP Swasta Bina Satria Mulia in the 2024/2025 academic year. The subjects of this study were 34 seventh-grade students who were given treatment through the peer tutoring method in the soccer dribbling learning process Methods The research method used in this study was Classroom Action Research (CAR). Results The results of the study concluded that: (1) In Cycle I, 14 students (41.17%) achieved the level of learning mastery, while 20 students (58.83%) had not yet achieved mastery. The average score obtained was 66.17. (2) In Cycle II, 26 students (76.47%) achieved learning mastery, while 8 students (23.53%) had not yet achieved mastery. However, this result had not yet met the classical completeness criterion of 80% Conclusion The average score in Cycle II increased to 75.97. Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that the implementation of the peer tutoring learning method can improve the learning outcomes of soccer dribbling among Grade VII students of SMP Swasta Bina Satria Mulia in the 2024/2025 academic year.
Soccer Dribbling; Peer Tutoring; Learning Outcomes; Physical Education; Junior High School Students
Enhancing O’Brien-Style Shot Put Learning Outcomes Through Modified Learning Media Among Fifth-Grade Students at SD Negeri 025992 South Binjai
Background The perception that emerged at SD NEGERI 025992 BINJAI during physical education lessons, particularly regarding the shot put, was that not all students could perform the shot put technique. Some students still made errors in the shot put technique and had not yet mastered the beginner's technique. Of the 32 lessons studied by VB students, 12 (37.5%) were able to execute the shot put accurately. Another 20 (62.5%) were unable to perform the shot put procedure accurately. Objectives This study aims to determine the changes in the shot put learning process through modified learning media for Grade V Students of SD Negeri 025992 Binjai Selatan in the 2003100210/2025 Academic Year. Methods he research method used is classroom action research. To obtain data in this study, a Learning Outcome Test was conducted in the initial test, then shot put learning was carried out using modified learning media which was carried out in Learning Outcome Test I and Learning Outcome Test II in the form of a shot put test using real bullets. Results After the data is collected, an analysis will be carried out: From the learning outcome test before using the learning modification (pre-test), 12 students (37.5%) have achieved learning completion, while 20 students (62.5%) have not achieved the level of learning completion. With an average value of 63.08%. Then learning is carried out using modified learning media through several variations of cycle I learning. From the cycle I learning outcome test of shot put with modified learning media in cycle I, 19 students (59.38%) have achieved the level of learning completion, while 13 students (40.62%) have not achieved the level of learning completion. With an average value of 73.24. Then the shot put learning was carried out again using modified learning media and several more varied learning variations. From the learning outcome test conducted in cycle II, 27 students (84.38%) achieved the learning completion level, while 5 students (15.62%) had not achieved the learning completion level, with an average score of 81.83. In this case, it can be seen that there was an increase in the average value of learning outcomes in cycle I and cycle II, namely 8.59. So there was an increase between cycle I and cycle II. Conclusion Based on the results of data analysis, it can be said that through the use of modified learning media, it can improve the learning outcomes of the backward shot put (O'Brien) style for Class V Students of SD Negeri 025992 Binjai Selatan in the 2003100210/2025 Academic Year.
O’Brien-Style Shot Put; Modified Learning Media; Learning Outcomes; Elementary School Students; Physical Education
Enhancing Volleyball Underhand Service Learning Outcomes Through Modified Media and a Play-Based Approach Among Grade VIII Students at Bina Satria Mulia Private Junior High School
Background Results Student learning is still relatively low. Therefore, the implementation of the Service below is one of the most important aspects of volleyball training, because of that the need for methods or strategies that can improve results student learning Objectives This research aims to find out the improvement in the process of lower service learning outcomes through modification media with a play approach in class VIII students of Bina Satria Mulia Private Junior High School for the 2024/2025 Academic Year. Methods The research method used is a type of class action research. Results After the data is collected, an analysis will be carried out: (1) from the test of learning results before using modified media with a play approach (post-test I) obtained by 7 students (17.94%), then learning using modified media with a play approach. (2) from the test of learning results using modified media with a play approach, discyclic I obtained 22 students (56.41%) who have reached learning completion, while 7 students have not yet reached learning completion. With the average score of the student's learning results reaching (69,71). Then learning is done again by using modified media with a different playing approach. (3) From the cycle II learning result test in cycle II, 36 students (92,31%) were obtained who had achieved learning completion, while 3 students had not achieved learning completion. With an average score of 80,12. Conclusion In this case, it can be seen that there is an increase in the average score of student learning results from cycle I to cycle II which is 3.5 and the increase in classical learning results is 80%. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be said that through media modification with a play approach, it can improve the learning results of volleyball under the volleyball service in class VII students of Bina Satria Mulia Junior High School in the 2024/2025 Academic Year.
Approach to Play, Volleyball Under Service, Bina Satria Mulia Private Junior High School
Enhancing Long Jump Learning Outcomes Through Play Variations Among Grade VIII Students at Bina Satria Mulia Private Junior High School
Background Eighth-grade students at Bina Satria Mulia Private Junior High School (SMP) have low performance in the squat long jump. The need for diversity in learning significantly impacts the squat jump. Objectives This study aims to determine the improvement of long jump learning outcomes through play variations among eighth-grade students at Bina Satria Mulia Private Junior High School in the 2024/2025 academic year. Methods This research method uses Classroom Action Research (CAR). A qualitative approach is used to identify students' learning difficulties in physical education and how to overcome these difficulties to improve their learning outcomes. Results Based on the results of the second cycle test, 20 of 23 students (87%) achieved complete learning outcomes, while only 3 students (13%) did not. This second cycle indicates that the students have achieved complete learning outcomes. The average class score achieved was 80.08. Conclusion Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that using play variations can improve long jump learning outcomes for eighth-grade students at Bina Satria Mulia Private Middle School in the 2024/2025 academic year.
Long Jump; Play Variations; Learning Outcomes; Physical Education; Junior High School Students
Effects of Varied Training on Passing Coordination in Futsal Among Extracurricular Students at SMP Bina Satria Mulia, Medan
Background Futsal passing coordination is a fundamental technical skill that supports effective team play and ball distribution. Preliminary observations at SMP Bina Satria Mulia, Medan, showed that students’ passing performance in extracurricular futsal activities had not yet reached the expected standard. Of the 32 students participating in the programme, only 18 were able to meet the minimum passing accuracy criterion during controlled practice. Objectives This study aimed to determine the effect of varied training on futsal passing coordination among students participating in the extracurricular programme at SMP Bina Satria Mulia, Medan. Methods This study employed a quantitative experimental approach using a one-group pre-test and post-test design. The population consisted of all students involved in the futsal extracurricular programme, and 32 students were selected as the sample through total sampling. Data were collected using a passing accuracy test administered from a distance of 10 metres toward a 1-metre-wide target. The data were analyzed using a paired-samples t-test with a significance level of 0.05. Results The results showed that the difference between pre-test and post-test scores was not statistically significant (t = 1.978, p = 0.062). However, the mean score increased from 5.45 in the pre-test to 6.05 in the post-test, indicating an average improvement of 0.60 points. Furthermore, the effect size calculated using Cohen’s d was 0.442, which is classified as a medium effect. These findings indicate that varied training contributed to a practically meaningful improvement in futsal passing coordination, although the increase did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion Varied training showed a positive tendency in improving futsal passing coordination among extracurricular students at SMP Bina Satria Mulia, Medan. Although the improvement was not statistically significant, the medium effect size suggests practical value. Further studies with larger samples, longer intervention periods, and more rigorous research designs are recommended to provide stronger evidence of training effectiveness.
Physical Fitness Levels among Students in the Extracurricular Volleyball Program: A Case Study at Free Methodist 2 Private Vocational School, Medan
Background Problems in study This based on results observation of students Before play in A tournament , students must get training in field designed sports​ For help children develop personality they , improve level fitness physique them , and find a way to use interests and skills they For reach success . population from study This as many as 12 participants education . Research This aim For know how much level fitness physical participant educate Volleyball extracurricular activities at the Free Methodist 2 Private Vocational School in Medan. Research This use study descriptive quantitative . The method used in study This that is use method survey with tests and measurements . Population in study This is participant educate Volleyball extracurricular at the Free Methodist 2 Private Vocational School in Medan , which consists of 12 people . data collection used in study This is using practical tests and measurements all over population and samples undergoing​ test series with sequential in accordance instruction implementation of the test. The instruments used in study This is a Freshness Test Indonesian Physical Education (TKJI) for age 13-15 years . Objectives Technique data analysis in research This use analysis descriptive percentage . Results study This show that level fitness physical participant educate Volleyball extracurricular at Free Methodist 2 Private Vocational School Medan received 0 (0%) participants educate in classification Good once , 2 (16.67%) participants educate in classification good , 3 (25%) participants educate in classification moderate , 7 (58.33%) participants educate in classification less , 0 (0%) participants educate in classification not enough very . So that can concluded that level fitness physical participant educate Volleyball extracurricular activities at the Free Methodist 2 Private Vocational School in Medan are: in classification less . Share coach from results the can made into reference For make programs​​ practice and share participant educate can follow timetable program exercise from coach . Methods Results Problems in study This based on results observation of students participant extracurricular Baitul Elementary School Football Aziz Still Lots do error fundamental moment exercise and match , training Not yet customized with need players as a whole , population from study This as many as 15 people . Research This aim For know how much level fitness physical participant educate Volleyball extracurricular activities at the Free Methodist 2 Private Vocational School in Medan. Research This use study descriptive quantitative . The method used in study This that is use method survey with tests and measurements . Population in study This is participant educate Volleyball extracurricular at the Free Methodist 2 Private Vocational School in Medan , which consists of 12 people . data collection used in study This is using practical tests and measurements all over population and samples undergoing​ test series with sequential in accordance instruction implementation of the test. The instruments used in study This is a Freshness Test Indonesian Physical Education (TKJI) for age 13-15 years . Conclusion Technique data analysis in research This use analysis descriptive percentage . Results study This show that level fitness physical participant educate Volleyball extracurricular at Free Methodist 2 Private Vocational School Medan received 0 (0%) participants educate in classification Good once , 2 (16.67%) participants educate in classification good , 3 (25%) participants educate in classification moderate , 7 (58.33%) participants educate in classification less , 0 (0%) participants educate in classification not enough very . So that can concluded that level fitness physical participant educate Volleyball extracurricular activities at the Free Methodist 2 Private Vocational School in Medan are: in classification less . Share coach from results the can made into reference For make programs​​ practice and share participant educate can follow timetable program exercise from coach .
Physical Fitness Level; Extracurricular Volleyball; Student Athletes; School-Based Sports; Vocational Education
Effects Of Target-Based Training On Passing Accuracy Among U-15 Players At Sejati Academy Serdang Bedagai
Background Problems in study This based on results observation of students seen when Wrong One player given material play and players often Wrong passing the ball and complete ball control not enough control matter This proven when player do easy ball game very confiscated by player against matter This become problems that must be completed because in essence game a football player player must capable control the ball and be able to pass the ball to a clear and precise direction and target . , population from study This as many as 15 people . From the data obtained After given target data training Normality Test Pretest Accuracy From the accuracy test results data Passing mark The lowest pretest score was 4 and the highest 7 while for post test scores lowest 6 and value highest 10 The average value for the pretest was 5.27 and the average value for the posttest was 7.53, while For mark deviation The standard pretest is 0.95 and the value Deviation The Post Test Standard is 1.18 for Mark Lhitung = 0.1808, Meanwhile Mark LTable with Dk = 15 at the level α=0.05 = 0.220. So that LCount < LTable (0.1808< 0.220 ). Then Mark Lhitung = 0.1997, Meanwhile Mark LTable with Dk = 15 at the level α=0.05 = 0.220. So that LCount < LTable (0.1997< 0.220 ). With This is the data from the Pretest and Posttest results Student Football Passing Accuracy​ Academy True Serdang Bedagai U 15 Year 2025 Normally Distributed . Objective For test Homogeneity calculation F count = 1.24 and F table = 4.60 with dk numerator 1 and dk denominator =n-1 =15-1=14 so seen that f count and < f table (1.24 < 4.60) . This show population originate from homogeneous variance , whereas​ For test Hypothesis t count 5.51 and t table 1.76, Next price the consulted with price table at level significant α=0.05 with dk = n-1 (15-1)= 14 then results This show there is significant difference . With​ thus hypothesis alternative (Ha) which reads "There is an influence Exercise using Target against Student passing accuracy Academy True Serdang Bedagai U 15 2025 ”. Meanwhile Target hypothesis test to Accuracy student passing Academy True Serdang Bedagai U 15 Years 2025 t count 5.51 and t table 1.76, Next price the consulted with price table at level significant α=0.05 with dk = n-1 (15-1)= 14 then results This show there is significant difference . With​ thus hypothesis alternative (Ha) which reads "There is an influence Exercise using Target against Student passing accuracy Academy True Serdang Bedagai U 15 2025 ”, accepted . Method Results Problems in study This based on results observation of students seen when Wrong One player given material play and players often Wrong passing the ball and complete ball control not enough control matter This proven when player do easy ball game very confiscated by player against matter This become problems that must be completed because in essence game a football player player must capable control the ball and be able to pass the ball to a clear and precise direction and target . , population from study This as many as 15 people . From the data obtained After given target data practice Normality Test Pretest Accuracy From the accuracy test results data , the passing value The lowest pretest score was 4 and the highest 7 while for post test scores lowest 6 and value highest 10 The average value for the pretest was 5.27 and the average value for the posttest was 7.53, while For mark deviation The standard pretest is 0.95 and the value Deviation The Post Test Standard is 1.18 for Mark Lhitung = 0.1808, Meanwhile Mark LTable with Dk = 15 at the level α=0.05 = 0.220. So that LCount < LTable (0.1808< 0.220 ). Then Mark Lhitung = 0.1997, Meanwhile Mark LTable with Dk = 15 at the level α=0.05 = 0.220. So that LCount < LTable (0.1997< 0.220 ). With This is the data from the Pretest and Posttest results Student Football Passing Accuracy​ Academy True Serdang Bedagai U 15 Year 2025 Normally Distributed . Conclusion For test Homogeneity calculation F count = 1.24 and F table = 4.60 with dk numerator 1 and dk denominator =n-1 =15-1=14 so seen that f count and < f table (1.24 < 4.60) . This show population originate from homogeneous variance , whereas​ For test Hypothesis t count 5.51 and t table 1.76, Next price the consulted with price table at level significant α=0.05 with dk = n-1 (15-1)= 14 then results This show there is significant difference . With​ thus hypothesis alternative (Ha) which reads "There is an influence Exercise using Target against Student passing accuracy Academy True Serdang Bedagai U 15 2025 ”. Meanwhile Target hypothesis test against The accuracy of passing t count is 5.51 and t table is 1.76. Next price the consulted with price table at level significant α=0.05 with dk = n-1 (15-1)= 14 then results This show there is significant difference . With​ thus hypothesis alternative (Ha) which reads "There is an influence Exercise using Target against Student passing accuracy Academy True Serdang Bedagai U 15 2025 ”, accepted .
Target-Based Training; Passing Accuracy; Youth Soccer; U-15 Players; Football Training
The Effect of Massage on the Recovery of Tapak Suci Pencak Silat Athletes at the Pancur Batu Branch
Background This study was conducted because the effect of massage as a recovery treatment for athletes after training leading up to a competition was unknown. Objectives This study aimed to determine the effect of massage on the recovery of Tapak Suci Pencak Silat athletes from the Pancur Batu branch. Methods This study employed a quantitative experimental method. The instrument used was heart rate measurements. Respondents in this study were 30 Tapak Suci Pencak Silat athletes from the Pancur Batu branch who were undergoing training camps for the 2025 Indonesian National Student Penak Silat Championship. The data analysis technique used was quantitative descriptive. Results Based on the results of the research conducted on the effect of massage on the recovery of Tapak Suci Pencak Silat athletes, the following conclusions can be drawn: The effect of massage on the recovery of Tapak Suci Pancur Batu pencak silat athletes showed a significance value of 0.112 (p > 0.05). It can be concluded that there is no statistically significant effect of massage on the recovery of Tapak Suci Pancur Batu pencak silat athletes. Conclusion Although descriptively the experimental group showed a greater reduction in heart rate (15.47 bpm) compared to the control group (13.00 bpm), as well as an additional effect of 9.93 bpm after the massage treatment, this difference did not reach the required level of statistical significance.
Effect, Massage, Recovery, Pencak Silat, Athletes.
Analysis Of Passing Ability In Futsal Games On Male Students Extracurricular Courses Of SMP PAB 8 SAMPALI MEDAN Year 2025
Background Passing implementation by students participating in the futsal extracurricular at SMP PAB 8 Sampali. One of the main obstacles was ineffective passing, with many students unable to pass the ball accurately to their teammates. Objectives This study aims to analyze the level of passing ability in futsal at SMP PAB 8 SAMPALI MEDAN. This study is descriptive. Methods The method used in this study was a survey, with data collection using a passing accuracy test and observation sheets. The population in this study were seventh and eighth grade students at SMP PAB 8 SAMPALI MEDAN. The sampling technique used total sampling, resulting in a sample size of 35 students. Data analysis used quantitative descriptive analysis expressed as percentages. Results The results showed that the analysis of passing ability in futsal at SMP PAB 8 SAMPALI MEDAN at SMP PAB 8 SAMPALI MEDAN was in the "very low" category (4 students), "low" category (5 students) (15 students), "moderate" category (7 students), "high" category (10 students), and "very high" category (9 students). Conclusion The average score was 37.03. Analysis of passing ability in futsal games at SMP PAB 8 SAMPALI MEDAN is in the "moderate" category.
Passing Ability, Extracurricular, Futsal.
The Relationship Between Leg Muscle Power and Shooting Ability in Extracurricular Soccer Players at Adhyaksa Private Junior High School
Background The problem in this study was the suboptimal shooting performance of the extracurricular soccer players at Adhyaksa Private Middle School. In other words, their shots were not hitting the intended target. In accordance with this, Objectives This study aims to reveal the relationship between leg muscle explosive power and shooting ability in extracurricular soccer players at Adhyaksa Private Middle School. Methods This study is a correlational study that seeks to examine the relationship between two variables, namely lower limb muscle power and shooting ability among extracurricular soccer players at Adhyaksa Private Junior High School. Lower limb muscle power is the independent variable, and shooting ability is the dependent variable. Results The results of the hypothesis testing showed that lower limb muscle power (x) did not have a significant relationship and did not contribute significantly to shooting ability (y), P=0.524 a. The correlation between leg muscle explosive power and shooting ability is 0.616 < r tab 0.374. Therefore, the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. Therefore Conclusion There is a significant relationship between explosive leg muscle power and shooting ability in extracurricular soccer players at Adhyaksa Private Middle School aged 13-15 years.
Lower Limb Muscle Power and Shooting Ability