Effectiveness of Multimodal Intervention: Trigger Point Therapy, Deep Tissue Massage, and Stretching in Patients with Low Back Pain

Abstract

Background

Low back pain (LBP) is a highly prevalent musculoskeletal disorder that contributes significantly to functional limitations and decreased quality of life, particularly in individuals with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP). The complexity of its underlying mechanisms necessitates effective non-pharmacological interventions that address both pain and functional impairments.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a multimodal intervention consisting of trigger point therapy, deep tissue massage, and stretching in reducing pain intensity and improving lumbar flexibility in patients with NSLBP.

Methods

A quantitative pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest–posttest design was conducted involving 21 participants selected through incidental sampling. Pain intensity was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and lumbar flexibility was assessed using the Fingertip-to-Floor Test (FTF). The intervention was administered in a single session lasting approximately 50 minutes. Data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test with a significance level of 0.05.

Results

The findings showed a significant reduction in pain intensity, with mean VAS scores decreasing from 77.48 to 32.14, and improvements in lumbar flexibility, particularly in ante flexion (from 10.81 to 4.31). Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences between pretest and posttest measurements (p < 0.05) across all variables.

Conclusion

The multimodal intervention combining trigger point therapy, deep tissue massage, and stretching is effective in reducing pain and improving flexibility in patients with NSLBP. These findings support the integration of multiple manual therapy techniques as a practical and evidence-based approach in musculoskeletal rehabilitation.