Analysis of Biomechanics of Short Distance Running Movements: A Review of the Literature on the Influence of Running Techniques on Body Performance

Abstract

Short-distance running is a popular sport that involves complex body movements. Proper running technique is essential to improve athletes' performance while minimizing the risk of injury. However, errors in technique such as inefficient stride patterns, poor posture, and incorrect landing can lead to injury and decreased performance.

This study aims to analyze the biomechanics of short-distance running movements and explore the influence of running techniques on athlete performance and injury based on the latest literature review.

The approach used is a literature study with a qualitative descriptive method that follows the PRISMA guidelines. Data was collected through systematic searches of various databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect using keywords related to running biomechanics, running techniques, athlete performance, and injury. From the initial 1,190 articles, 8 relevant articles were selected for qualitative analysis.

Analysis of the literature shows that optimal running techniques, including the right combination of stride length and stride frequency, leg thrust angle, and body movement coordination, can improve athletes' speed, energy efficiency, and endurance. In addition, correct technique can reduce excess pressure on joints and muscles, thereby reducing the risk of injuries such as band IT syndrome and tendinitis. Good musculoskeletal adaptation also plays a role in athlete performance.

An in-depth understanding of the biomechanics of short-distance running movement is essential for improving athletes' performance and preventing injury. Coaches and athletes are advised to integrate proper technique training as well as the use of appropriate assistive devices such as shoes for optimal results.