The contribution of arm muscle strength and hand–eye coordination to badminton long service results in male extracurricular students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65575/jamss.v2i2.196Keywords:
arm muscle strength, hand–eye coordination, badminton, long service, extracurricular studentsAbstract
Background.
Badminton long service requires sufficient upper-limb strength and precise hand–eye coordination to produce an effective shuttlecock trajectory. However, some studies indicate that certain students have difficulty generating a long, high shuttlecock trajectory as required by the technical demands of the long serve.
Objectives.
This study aimed to examine the contribution of arm muscle strength and hand–eye coordination to long service performance among male badminton extracurricular students.
Methods.
A correlational research design was employed. The population and sample consisted of 20 male students participating in the badminton extracurricular program at SMA Negeri 2 Siak Hulu. Arm muscle strength was assessed using a push-up test, hand–eye coordination was measured using a standardized hand–eye coordination test, and long service performance was evaluated using a badminton long service test. Data were analyzed using correlation and multiple correlation analyses.
Results.
The findings showed a significant positive relationship between arm muscle strength and long service performance (r = 0.544; r<sub>table</sub> = 0.444). Hand–eye coordination demonstrated a stronger positive relationship with long service performance (r = 0.706; r<sub>table</sub> = 0.444). Furthermore, arm muscle strength and hand–eye coordination jointly demonstrated a positive relationship with long service performance (R = 0.719; r<sub>table</sub> = 0.444).
Conclusion.
These findings indicate that both physical and perceptual-motor components are associated with badminton long service performance, with hand–eye coordination showing a relatively greater individual association. The results provide practical evidence for incorporating upper-limb strengthening and coordination exercises into badminton extracurricular training programs.
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